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Structure
Key Applications
Proteins
scFv
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Minimal antibody fragment with variable domains linked by a peptide
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scFv (single-chain variable fragment) is the smallest functional antibody fragment, consisting of VH and VL domains connected by a flexible peptide linker.
Size
~25-30 kDa
Valency
Monovalent (1 binding site)
Format
Single polypeptide chain
Production
Bacterial expression
Structure
Linker length (typically 15-20 amino acids) is critical for proper folding and stability.
VH domain
- Variable heavy
VL domain
- Variable light
Flexible linker
- Common: (Gly₄Ser)₃
Key Applications
Phage Display
Therapeutics
Bispecifics
Easy library display and selection
Good tissue penetration, low immunogenicity
Building blocks for complex formats
Ideal for applications requiring small size and single-gene expression.
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Fab
VHH (Nanobodies)